Внесок дворянства Бессарабської губернії в становлення та розвиток кредино-банківської системи регіону (друга половина XIX – початок XX ст.): історіографія питання

Abstract

In this article, an attempt is made to generalize and systematize the problem-chronological method of the existing scientific literature on the contribution of the Bessarabian nobility in the development of the credit and banking system of the region. It is proved that since the formation of the Central State Bank of the Russian Empire, researchers have focused only on recording events and characterizing the general state of credit in the state. It is described that at the end of the XIX century. theoretical works appear in which the credit and banking system is considered as a socio-economic phenomenon. It is explained that during the reign of Soviet ideology consideration of this topic was not the subject of special studies and only in a number of works there were fragmentary mentions of the participation of the nobility in the financial system of the empire, which was defined as a negative phenomenon. Appeals to the subject of credit resumed only in the early 90's of the twentieth century. Explorations from the history of the South Bessarabian lands became important for us, in which the role of the nobility of Bessarabia in the credit and banking system of the empire in the period under study was highlighted. At the beginning of the XXI century. in the context of regionalization of historical science, researchers pay attention to the study of the participation of the Bessarabian nobility in lending and usury. The author paid special attention to the research of domestic scientists who studied the economic and credit and banking situation in the Ukrainian lands, including the South of Ukraine. The fact is that in the territory of Bessarabia spread their activities various banking institutions, such as: Poltava land, Kherson zemstvo, Bessarabian-Tavriya land and commercial banks: Odessa private, Odessa accounting and more. Peculiarities of the regional nobility, which had the status of provincial and border, proximity to neighboring Balkan peoples and the Danube countries led to certain differences in the interaction of the credit and banking system on the aristocrats of southern provinces, and hence the interest of Western European historians. The author emphasizes that in modern historiography there is a sufficient amount of work on various issues related to the history of the Bessarabian and South Ukrainian nobility of different chronological periods, but the participation and contribution of the aristocracy of the Bessarabian province in the financial system has not been comprehensively studied.