Богошукання  Г. Сковороди  в  контексті  ідей  ранньохристиянської  православно-містичної екзегези

Шевчук, Т.; Shevchuk, Т.

Богошукання Г. Сковороди в контексті ідей ранньохристиянської православно-містичної екзегези

Шевчук, Т.; Shevchuk, Т.

URI: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/632

Дата: 2018

Короткий опис (реферат):

В статті надається спроба вивчення метафізичного підґрунтя філософської доктрини Г. Сковороди в контексті ідей ранньохристиянської православно-містичної екзегези, що обумовлено суттєвими розходженнями поглядів українського мислителя з канонічними положеннями фундаментальних християнських богословсько-філософських доктрин. В основу дослідження покладено компаративний погляд на спільні риси та відмінності вчення Г. Сковороди з поглядами Філона Олександрійського, Климента Олександрійського, Оригена, Августина, Плотіна та ін. Студія може бути корисною як теоретиків, так і практиків у галузі філософії, культурології та порівняльних досліджень.

Суть розробки, основні результати:

The article deals with an attempt to explore the metaphysical foundation of the philosophical doctrine of G. Skovoroda ideas in the context of early Christian Orthodox mystical exegesis, due to significant differences of Ukrainian thinker views with the canonical positions of basic Christian theological and philosophical doctrines. In this study, it is our intention to highlight the comparative view of the similarities and differences of G. Skovoroda doctrine with the God view of Philo of Alexandria, Clement of Alexandria, Origen, Augustine, Plotinus and others. The spiritual heritage of G. Skovoroda played a significant role in the formation of non-academic theology of the eighteenth century, based on the philosophy of God seeking. At the heart of God-seeking as a cultural phenomenon are religious and philosophical quest for ways to understand God, metaphysics of the world order, places in him human and civilization. In the Russian Empire, the divine revelation took shape in the religious-philosophical direction with the focus the search for a new understanding of God, the Church, the world, man and culture beyond the limits of Orthodox dogma and historical Christianity with the aim of creating a new syncretic religion based on the principles of Christianity and, accordingly, a new church, which will overcome the historical differences in the sense of sacred texts and rites and will bring renewed Christianity to the whole world of culture. Anthropocentric issues in the philosophical and aesthetic ideas of G. Skovoroda have sources in the Greek-Roman culture, accumulated in principle knowing themselves (nosce te ipsum), as well as the patristic gnostic tradition, reflected in the Bible's understanding as a system of allegorical-symbolist images (Justine), the statement of proximity of views pagan and Christian thinkers and varieties of symbolic-hieroglyphic writing (Clement of Alexandria); the treatment of the ontological mode of the nature of the visible / invisible (Origen), the person as a microcosm (Nemesis, Georgy of Nyssa), which allows researchers to find out numerous religious, cosmological, mystical, biblical, historiosophical, culturological layers. In the teachings of G. Skovoroda, they are reduced to modifications of a single general idea - the ways of knowing the invisible divine nature, the internal laws of being through the comprehension of man’s inner essence, whose nature is indivisible and cosmic. The humanistic basis of the philosopher's thinking offers the solutions of the problem of happiness through the disclosure of the divine nature of man and his self-disclosure by searching for his own inclinations of labor, which will form a coherent development of society as a whole. Typical features of Protestantism in the philosophical and religious outlook of G. Skovoroda were reflected in the rejection of external church ceremonies, the practice of the right to freely interpret the Bible, the ways of comprehending God in their own hearts and in individualism. Principal differences in G. Skovoroda's ideas of European Protestantism consist in the rejection of any fraternity or community with clearly defined norms of collective ethics and in following the symbolic-allegorical method of interpreting the Holy Scripture. According to the belief of the Ukrainian thinker, the understanding the Bible as a symbolic world produces an idea of the spiritual world as the ideal of «Country and Kingdom of Love», living in accordance with divine / cosmic laws, and has nothing to do with the earthly prototype of social life that is observed in Protestantism. The humanistic ethics of the Ukrainian thinker became goes to the ideas of the European Renaissance, forming the awesome symbiosis of the Protest-Renaissance religious thought, which laid the foundations of non-academic Russian theology of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. However, despite the proximity of philosophical and religious views of G. Skovoroda to the Protestant religious worldview, he has always remained in the cultural space of the Orthodox-mystical exegesis. The study can be useful to both theorists and practitioners who have specific responsibilities in the field of Philosophy, Cultural and Comparative Studies.

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